Social security is considered as the most important component of the national security of a social state. Her threats, regularities and trends in the dynamics of social stability, the principles of preserving social partnership, and key areas of preserving social security in Russia are listed. It is analyzed what is commonly understood as a “social state”, and how this category is related to the notion of “social security”. The indicators of the state of social security are being investigated. The social doctrine of the Russian Federation is seen as an instrument for ensuring social security.