The article considers a complex problem of upbringing of the young generation and the results of its research in the scientific works of Professor I. M. Ilyinsky. The basic factors of development of modern society, which are now put forward this issue to the fore. It is shown that this problem is one of the most urgent and strategically important issues of the day, the solution of which depends the future of not only Russia but also other countries of the world. However, in the education system and cultural policy, it is today still does not find it necessary reflection and therefore requires special attention of the public.